Programs, usually offered by community adult schools or evening classes at local high schools, that provide instruction in fundamental learning skills for adults who have never attended school or have interrupted formal schooling and need to raise their level of education to increase their self-confidence and/or prepare for an occupation. Emphasis is placed on basic reading, language and mathematics.

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Programs, usually within the formal education system, that offer content area instruction in two languages: the first language of students and the language of the majority culture. Attention is focused on developing the academic skills of minority students while they learn the language of the majority culture. Included are bilingual education programs that serve as a transition to instruction exclusively in the language of the majority culture and dual language instruction programs whose objective is to develop full literacy in both languages.

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Programs that sponsor urban/rural, urban/suburban or interregional exchange programs in which students from schools in one area live with an approved family and attend school in the exchange area while their counterpart lives with a family and attends school in the original student's community.

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Programs that provide educational services for students who have been suspended or expelled from school or have left school for other reasons prior to receiving a diploma; or which seek to prevent students of compulsory school age from skipping classes, being suspended or expelled for disruptive behaviour, failing or maintaining a low grade point average, or dropping out of school.

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Programs that provide opportunities for students to initiate courses of individual study which are usually directed or assisted by instructional staff and certificates or degrees may be awarded upon successful completion.

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Programs offered by English-speaking school districts that provide classes in regular school subjects such as math, science and social studies that are taught in the immersion language enabling students to acquire the language as they learn the content. Once a firm base in the immersion language has been established, instruction in English language arts is added, and instruction in the English language gradually increases. Students generally continue to receive instruction in certain subjects in the immersion language so that by the end of secondary school, proficiency is achieved in both languages. Included are total immersion programs in which all classes are taught in the immersion language; partial immersion programs in which half of the subjects are taught in the immersion language (with material in some cases, reinforced in English); and dual (or two-way) language immersion programs in which one to two thirds of the students speak the immersion language natively, the others speaking English natively.

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Programs that provide instruction in reading, writing and comprehension for individuals of all ages who are unable to read or write at a functional level. Some programs may include basic training in speaking, numeracy/mathematics and problem solving skills, so that trainees can become self sufficient and function well in society.

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High schools or colleges/universities that have academic programs or departments that are designed specifically for students who are recovering from dependency on alcohol or other drugs. Recovery schools offer an academic program, recovery assistance and post-treatment support but do not provide primary alcohol or drug abuse treatment services. Students must be sober and working on a program of recovery while in attendance, and receive credit towards a high school or college/university diploma. Upon completion of the program, assistance is generally available to make a transition to another high school, a college/university or a career.

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Programs that provide educational services including special placement and individualized programming, instruction and/or support services for exceptional children, youth and/or adults, including those who have hearing impairments, visual impairments, physical disabilities, learning disabilities, developmental disabilities, emotional disturbance, multiple disabilities or speech or language impairments and who need appropriately modified curricula, teaching methodologies and instructional materials in order to learn. Services may include the development, in partnership with the child's parents, of an individualized educational plan to meet the child's needs and the implementation and review at least annually of each child's plan to determine progress and future needs.

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A program of instruction offered during the summer by a school, college or university which enables students to accelerate their progress toward a degree or diploma or to make up credits lost through absence or failure.

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Secondary or postsecondary education programs available in regular or trade high schools or through separate vocational centres or programs that provide formal preparation for semiskilled, skilled, technical or professional occupations for high-school-aged students and, in some cases, adults who have opted to develop or expand their employment opportunities, often in lieu of preparing for college entry. Vocational education programs help participants prepare for full-time employment upon graduation, part-time employment while in school or for more advanced vocational training at the postsecondary level.

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